Essay about The Psychology of Robert Frost’s Nature Poetry

The Psychology of Robert Frost’s Nature Poetry Robert Frost’s nature poetry occupies a significant place in the poetic arts; however, it is likely Frost’s use of nature is the most misunderstood aspect of his poetry. While nature is always present in Frost’s writing, it is primarily used in a â€Å"pastoral sense† (Lynen 1). This makes sense as Frost did consider himself to be a shepherd. Frost uses nature as an image that he wants us to see or a metaphor that he wants us to relate to on a psychological level. To say that Frost is a nature poet is inaccurate. His poetry is in the main psychologically oriented with emphasis on specific recurring themes, which include, but are not limited to, loneliness, retreat, spirituality, darkness,†¦show more content†¦The contrast between the humans and nature enables Frost to deal with and illustrate significant issues affecting humans. A very interesting point regarding Frost’s relationship with nature is that he views it with ambiguity. Most assume that Frost is a nature lover; however, while this is true in part, Frost also views nature as having the capability of being destructive. Lynen speaks of this duality by saying, â€Å"You cannot have one without the other: love of natural beauty and horror at the remoteness and indifference of the physical world are not opposites but different aspects of the same view† (7). On speaking of Frost’s dualistic view of nature, Phillip L. Gerber states, â€Å"For nature is hard as she is soft, she can destroy and thwart, disappoint, frustrate, and batter† (132). Robert Frost views nature as an ‘alien force capable of destroying man’, but on the flip side, he also views â€Å"man’s struggle with nature as a heroic battle† (quoted in Thompson). In his poem â€Å"Our Hold on the Planet† Frost illustrates this point by saying, There is much in nature against us. But we forget: Take nature altogether since time began Including human nature, in peace and war, And it must be a little more in favor of man, Say a fraction of one percent at the very least, Or our number living wouldn’t be steadily more, Our hold on the planet wouldn’t have so increased. (Frost 317).Show MoreRelatedEssay on Symbols and Symbolism in the Poems of Robert Frost1463 Words   |  6 PagesPoems of Robert Frost    Nature has inspired countless poets from primitive times to the present. They have used it as a metaphor for virtually all human emotions-his stormy brow, her sky blue eyes, as wild as a summer storm. Very few, however, have so masterfully crafted their verse to fully express the range of nature’s power and influence, or suited the tone of a poem to encompass both human nature and ‘true’ nature. This is true in the poetic works of Robert Frost. The aspects of nature thatRead MoreEssay about Analysis of the Poems of Robert Frost1316 Words   |  6 Pagesother than Robert Frost. Robert Frost is a poet that is well known for his poetic contributions to nature, as well as his award winning poems. His poetic ability and knowledge make him an extraordinary author. His past; including schooling, family, and the era in which he wrote influenced nearly all of his poems in some way. This very famous poet contributed to the modernism era, had a family and an interesting lif e story, and a unique poetic style as well. The literary era in which Robert Frost wroteRead MoreEssay on An Assessment of the Poetry of Robert Frost2857 Words   |  12 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nature is beautiful in every aspect, but as nature changes with every season, beauty and innocence in human life is much the same as the years progress. 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Biology Standard Level Photosynthesis - 903 Words

IB Internal Assessment BIOLOGY STANDARD LEVEL PHOTOSYNTHESIS PRACTICAL REPORT Candidate Name: Meara Berhan Ahmed Candidate number: 000790 – 0003 (Word count: 4500) Examination session: November 2015 Design Research Question What is the effect of altering the distance ( ±0.05 cm) of the Elodea Canadensis aquatic plant from a light source at (5cm, 15cm, 25cm, 35cm and 45cm) on the photosynthetic rate by counting the number of oxygen bubbles rising up the test tube per minute (min^(-1))? Aim: To investigate the how the photosynthetic rate of Elodea Canadensis is affected by varying its distance (cm) ( ±0.05) from the light source at (5cm, 15cm, 25cm, 35cm and 45cm) by counting the number of oxygen bubbles rising up the test tube per minute (min^(-1)). Background Information: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to produce chemical energy in the form of glucose, which cellular respiration then converts into ATP (Farabee, 2010). The chemical equation for photosynthesis is: 6ã€â€"COã€â€"_2+ H_2 O→C_6 H_12 O_6+ ã€â€"6Oã€â€"_2 There are two stages to photosynthesis. The first stage of photosynthesis is a set of reactions typically referred to as the light-independent reactions (Damon, 2007). The light-independent reactions predominantly involve photosynthetic pigments (including chlorophyll) absorbing light energy and undergoing a conversion into chemical energy known as Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Also, light energy is utilised by the plant to undergoShow MoreRelatedIB Bio lab report on photosynthesis1509 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of different coloured lights on the rate of Photosynthesis Objective: To find out which colour of light provides the best consequences for the production of oxygen/ the rate of photosynthesis Background: In photosynthesis, there are two main parts, including light dependent and light-independent reactions. 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Sustainable Procurement Policy Godrej Consumer Products

Question: Describe about the Sustainable Procurement Policy for Godrej Consumer Products. Answer: Introduction Godrej Consumer Products Limited (GCPL) is one of the largest and biggest home-grown personal and home care company in India. The company is focused on becoming a leader in fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) particularly in the emerging markets and thus company has continued to substantially grow in the sector. One of the GCPL critical pillars is the Godrej Groups Vision 2020 which is founded on environmental sustainability Good Green. Furthermore, the companys vision is based on a shared value principle; the vision has been instrumental in promoting the operating practices and policies that are key in improving the companys competitiveness while also enhancing social and economic conditions in communities within which the company operates. In accordance with the Good Green vision, the company aspires to establish a more employable Indian workforce, innovate for good and green products as well as build a greener India. The company also believes that business firms have the capacity of helping to solve social issues that are critical in the community whereas improving their competitive advantage in the marketplace. Sustainable procurement is defined as a process through which public organisations accomplish their needs for services and goods, works and utilities in a manner that satisfy value for money on an entire life-cycle with regard to benefit generation not only to the business firm, but also to whole society and the economy while at the same time significantly reducing negative effects to the environment (Meehan Bryde, 2011). This paper critically analyses Godrej Consumer Products Limiteds sustainable procurement policy in terms of its objectives, comprehensiveness, potential effectiveness, practical implementation and measurability. GCPL sustainable procurement objectives The companys sustainable objectives are grouped into four broad categories, including: To be ethically driven: the company strives to conduct its business operations in a transparent and fair manner while upholding integrity, honesty, high moral and ethical standards as well as respecting human rights (Singh, Bakshi, Mishra, 2015). The company has a strong belief that maintaining high ethical standards across the company is vital for establishing sound business relationship. In this regard, the company requires its suppliers to share a similar commitment as they conduct their trade. To be socially focused: GCPL is also strongly committed to supporting and ensuring sustainable development as well as business practices. For instance, the sustainable practices encompass the social performance criteria (Pai, 2013). The organisation also believes that it should play an important and profitable role within the larger society and the local community. As such, GCPL contributes towards economic and social development of the communities within which they operate and hence they also expect their suppliers pursue a similar course (Pai, 2013). To be green inspired: GCPL fully understand that environmental concerns are issues of today and thus they are real challenges that must be addressed in the now rather than later. For this reason, the company aims to making its value chain environmentally responsible and friendly. GCPL is robustly committed to complying with local environmental laws and regulations that are associated to the environment particularly in regions and countries that it has its operations as well as where they source products, services and materials (Singh, Bakshi, Mishra, 2015). The company operates with full knowledge of the scope and nature of operations of their suppliers varies and hence strongly emphasise on sustainability principles (Walker Philips, 2008). To be quality centred: the company is also committed to ensuring that quality is adhered to and manufacturing and product standards are relied upon is it is of great importance to the company. Comprehensiveness of GCPL Sustainability Policy Each of the companys sustainability objectives is expansively comprehensively defined to tackle various sustainability issues. For instance, the ethically driven principle encompasses business integrity and ethics that significantly addresses issues of conflict of interest; bribery, corruption, gifts and donations; confidentiality; restrictive and anti-competitive trade practices (Force, 2006). Business integrity in this regard ensures that the company as well as its suppliers undertake their business operations ethically. Similarly, the ethically driven objective also addresses human rights issues whereby GCPL prohibits forced and child labour; compensation and working hours; and discrimination (Ghoshal, 2011). GCPL suppliers must make sure that there is no discrimination in their hiring practices together with employment based on gender, race colour, nationality, sexual orientation, marital status and religion. The objective also encourages transparency and accountability, complian ce with the laws and regulations of the land (Brammer Walker, 2011). In accordance with the above discussion, the social focus objective is also comprehensively elaborated to encompass various operational guidelines that ensure sustainable procurement. For instance that company works to ensure that it has responsible conduct with stakeholders in that it deals fairly with suppliers/vendors, encourage diversity in the workforce, and engage and involve local communities (Rimmington, Carlton Smith, Hawkins, 2006). Furthermore, under the social focus objective, GCPL is determined to ensure employee health and safety, and local community development. Accordingly, to be green inspired GCPL has holistically defined whereby the company has positioned itself to offer green products produced through green processes through reduction of water intake and carbon emission, efficient systems and processes, minimising the usage of toxic and hazardous substances and materials, toxic waste disposal, and using renewable energy. Consequently, the green inspired objective encourages the company reduce, reuse and recycle; this is specifically employed to ensure zero waste to landfill, responsible resource consumption, and packaging material that reduce environmental impact. GCPL works to Adopt green initiatives and practices to help in the monitoring of the environmental performance with a singular of becoming environmental friendly. GCPL sustainable procurement is centred on quality whereby the company has installed quality management system that makes sure that company suppliers develop quality objectives, procedures, policies and have implemented certified Quality Management System by ISO authority. The company also expects its suppliers to give utmost significance on facility and machinery design, installation as well as maintenance and ensure verification of the same. Significantly important, suppliers are expected to have good manufacturing practices together with quality controls. Additionally, through quality centred GCPL has made strides in material management whereby the company requires its suppliers to have established practices for storage, handling and transportation of raw materials together with maximisation of risk prevention measures through proper handling of rejected items and good warehousing. Potential Effectiveness With regard to the comprehensiveness of GCPL sustainable procurement policy, the policy has effective potentials. The policy address all areas of sustainability and thus if fully implemented and adhered to, it will ultimately ensure sustainable procurement across the organisation. Ethical procurement practices that are defined with the policy expressively ensure that company suppliers adhere to the companys sustainable requirements. The social focus widely helps the company as well as its suppliers to be socially responsible to the localities within which they operate. Based on this, the policy has the potentiality of being effective when fully implemented. Practical Implementation and Measurability Policy applicability and implementation GCPL fully understands that their suppliers can be categorised differently based on their scale, services/products they supply, the type of raw materials they use, the corporate culture and their modes of operation. Taking this into consideration, the company has designed the procurement police in a way that it is fully acceptable and works for all suppliers; however, levels and types of compliance differ with regard to the supplier type together with the principles applicable to them. Given this understanding, GCPL requires its suppliers to establish internal policies, structures of governance, systems, and processes while also implementing any other sustainability measures that will ensure they fully adhere to the companys sustainability policy. Additionally, suppliers are required to disclose to GCPL their sustainability goals together with the measures they have put in place to meet the various principles stated within the policy. GCPL also is ready to work with their suppliers t o unearth any sustainability issues that are not in line with the companys expectations whereas helping them in addressing the identified gaps. Measuring/Monitoring and Reporting In accordance with GCPL sustainability policy, the company requires suppliers to monitor and report the steps made by them in ensuring their adherence to the policy. Furthermore, GCPL recommends that their suppliers install management systems and monitoring and reporting mechanisms wherever needed to effectively implement as well as manage sustainability objectives. As such, suppliers are expected to focus on a continual enhancement of their performance in order to comply with the sustainability policy. Conclusion Godrej Consumer Products Limited (GCPL) is regarded as the Indias biggest personal and home-grown care company. The company is focused on becoming a leader in first-moving consumer goods market. With regard to this broad objective, the company has established a sustainable procurement policy aimed at propelling it towards achieving the stated objective. This paper has critically analysed GCPL sustainable procurement policy by comprehensively analysing its sustainable objectives, the comprehensiveness of the policy, potential effectiveness of the policy, practical implementation and measurability of the policy. In accordance with the analysis, GCPL sustainable procurement policy is sound and essential for it to satisfy its sustainable procurement goals and objectives. Introduction Sustainable development is increasingly attracting massive attention and recognition from all corners business spheres as well as in governments and non-governmental organisations regardless of it being new for many business executives. In essence, sustainable development leave alone sustainable procurement is remains abstract to many. From a conventional setting, business organisations seek practicality and precision as the source for their planning efforts; sustainable development is a new concept that is not agreeable to simple and universal definition. It is dynamic and continually changes over time while responding to the societys evolving priorities as well as increased information. The businesss contribution to sustainable development role remains indefinite. Regardless of all businesses playing a role in sustainability agenda, their abilities vary by organisation size and sector. Many are times where some business executives consider making money as the principle objective of a company; however, in the current business environment, business expatriates recognise the broader significance of sustainability and social responsibility. There is no consensus among business executives as to how to achieve the best balance between the broader good of the society and the narrow self-interests. In this regard, business organisations are unendingly confronted between what they need to trade off what they would like to do and what they must do in pursuit for financial survivability. Sustainable procurement is a process through which public as well as private organisations accomplish their needs for services and goods, works and utilities in a manner that satisfy value for money on an entire life-cycle with regard to benefit generation not only to the business firm, but also to whole society and the economy while at the same time significantly reducing negative effects to the environment. Following this understanding, this individual case study report, using Finland-Helsinki: Business Services: Law marketing, Consulting, Recruitment, Printing, and Security (Tender Notice) discusses how to present the business case to the decision maker, procurements strategies for sustainable development, and how to design the specifications and tender documents to enhance the tender. Similarly, the report also brings to light how to prepare contracts to ensure sustainability and strategic outcomes, designing contract administrations and management regimes to make sure that susta inable outcomes are achieved, and terms of monitoring, governance, audit and reporting on the project are also discussed. Presenting Business Case Involving Significant Sustainability aspects to the Decision Maker A business case is a tool that advocates and ensures that an investment is justified with regard to the strategic direction of the organisation together with the benefits it delivers. In essence, a business cases generally provides the context, costs, benefits and a set of options for key funders and decision makers. Furthermore, a business case also defines how the companys success will be achieved and measured thus guaranteeing the promised improvements are delivered. This section is a business case for Finland-Helsinki: Business Services decision makers in their pursuit to make sustainable decision making (Epstein Roy, 2003). Sustainability Business Challenges Despite managing downside risks, business value creation by inclusion of sustainable business solution or through identification of innovative ways for sustainability financing, it is important for business organisations to be drivers for competitive solutions to sustainability to help financing and addressing sustainability challenges in the future (Wu Pagel, 2011). From a global perspective, sustainability challenges are continually increasing and thus compelling business organisations to come up with long-term strategies to meet the needs of their customers as well as external stakeholders (Farrel Fraedrich, 2015). This includes the ever growing demand for natural resources to disparities in economy, and to the changing climate which has exposed business organisations to more complex and sophisticated array of trade offs as well as risks across their value chain. The exponential growth in population, the rising middle class, and economic growth coupled with rapid urbanisation are all exacerbating an increase in food demand, water use, energy, land use together with other resources. Over the last decade for instance, emerging markets have seen a 80% growth in per capita income that in turn is a recipe for increased consumption. It is expected that by 2030 more than three billion middle class consumers will further will drive up the demand for natural resources (Farrel Fraedrich, 2015). Climate change is another key stumbling block that business organisation must address in their value chain. For instance, understanding climate risks together with adaptation is vital in supporting clients for an extended period of time. The impacts of climate change are real and are experienced by business organisations as changes in rainfall patterns, rising temperatures, and storm conditions demand for new adaptation strategies (Epstein Buhovac, 2015). Given this understanding, there is public pressure to companies to cut on their greenhouse emissions. For this reason, many companies across the world are coming up with strategies to cub climate change effects through assessing their internal and supply chain emissions whereas also examining their approach to the changing climate through their entire operations and value chain (Epstein Buhovac, 2015). Business environment volatility and uncertainty have massive impacts on both consumers and business organisations. Across many countries, the rising food prices have already driven millions into destitution while disproportionately affecting the vulnerable. Significantly important to mention, high resources price, including energy, food, and water have the capacity of fuelling civil unrest especially in emerging markets (Carroll Buchholtz, 2015). In this regard, the volatility of recourse prices causes uncertainty for business organisation and thus creating risks associated with productivity investment while potentially distorting the efficiency of the supply chain. Sustainability Challenges Create Value for Businesses Sustainability is a significant factor in business organisations strategies; large multinationals as well as mid-sized firms are increasingly focusing on long-term strategies for managing sustainability risks. As such many companies have come to the realisation that through addressing sustainability issues that can achieve extended and better growth that is cost saving, brand and reputation improvement, stakeholder relations strengthening, and boosting their own bottom line (Sourani, 2011). By strategically integrating sustainability goals into the companys corporate strategy, the firm prepares itself for better understanding of long-term trends and the impacts of using resources and hence help in addressing the expectations of stakeholders. Furthermore, companies capitalise on local conditions in shaping their corporate strategies to accommodate constraints on natural resources in a manner that enables them to develop innovative products, services and business models. Accordingly, i t provides unlimited opportunities for bolstering their profitability, growth as well as adds on societal value (Haaske, Seuring, 2009). Investors and Customers value Strong ESG Performance Consumers and investors are growingly demanding for sustainable products and services, and increased scrutiny and reporting on corporate responsibility are compelling companies to strictly take into consideration to their ESG (environmental, social and Governance) performance. Accordingly, investors are considering social and environmental issues when selecting investments. In line with this observation, various sustainability frameworks, including Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) are significant tools that investors use in making informed decisions for investment (Haaske, Seuring, 2009). Moreover, the social responsible investing (SRI) market is another vital tool that enables to have a positive return on investments whereas bringing positive impacts to the society. In a similar way, environmental together with social evaluations plays an imperative role in the investors decision to allocate their capital to SRI funds (Stevenson Sum, 2002). Procurement strategies for sustainability There are several sustainable procurement strategies; however this section significantly discusses product-based and supplier-based sustainable procurement strategies. Product-Based Sustainable Procurement Strategy A product-based sustainable procurement strategy is basically designed to guide the procurement staff in making sustainable choices when procuring goods and services for the company. In this regard, a product-based procurement strategy is aimed at outlining the environmental and sustainability principles that a company must consider when making procurement decisions (Stevenson Sum, 2002). Demonstrate the current market good practices while identifying the opportunities available for pursuing sustainable procurement whereas staying within the framework of the public procurement law as well as obtaining value for money. Furthermore, it provides resources for finding knowledge and information related to sustainable development, and providing a rubric for judging the sustainability of products and services. Value for money requires that goods and services that the company purchases should take into consideration holistic life costs, quality and long terms savings. Sustainable procurement practices are in line with this requirement. In essence considering costs of a product or service for its entire life cycle including how the most environmentally, socially, and environmentally sustainable choices that can be made will result into long term savings (Adetunji, et al., 2003). Advantages of product-based sustainable procurement strategy Achieving best value for money Carbon footprint reduction Stimulate the market for sustainable technologies Improving and maintaining global living standards Environment health and improvement Save money. Disadvantages Despite the above identified advantages, product-based sustainable strategy has the following disadvantages: Loss of product uniqueness Loss of responsiveness Unsuited for some business aspects Stifles creativity and response time Supplier-Based Sustainable procurement Strategy The corporate world is continually focussing on social issues especially in supply chains including forced labour, human trafficking and slavery. In supplier-based procurement strategy, business organisations set up procurement policies that are essential in leveraging procurement and sourcing functions with a singular objective of making the supply chain sustainable coupled with long term success through minimising products environmental features, or lack thereof in the upstream supply chain (Hamza Greenwood, 2009). Accordingly, in the supplier-based sustainable procurement companies are becoming more active in evaluating, monitoring and influencing suppliers sustainability performance that leads to costs savings that are then passed on to the buyer. Furthermore, through supplier-based sustainable sourcing organisations also help in enhancing supplier disclosure together with risk management capabilities as well as anchoring information verification and exchange. Similarly, the business organisation is empowered to evaluate the supplier capabilities by addressing sustainability practices which on the other hand, drives internal and external standards improvements while facilitating disclosure and transparency (Hamza Greenwood, 2009). These organisational sustainable procurement practices in turn supports compliance with any environmental regulations which are essential in enabling the capacity to better comprehend and minimise risks associated to specific suppliers. The supplier-based sustainable procurement function credibility together with collaborative dialogue with suppliers favours the building of a sustainable supply chain that has the effect of increasing brand reputation and company value. Advantages Reduction of operational costs Management of risks and compliance with environmental regulations Disadvantages Difficult to achieve Supplier-based sustainable procurement can be perceived for larger organisations only Time and resource consuming (Fewing, 2013). Designing Tender Document for Sustainable Outcomes Also known as project scoping which involves the following attributes: Need identification: this is the initial and first stage of procurement process. The procurement decision is derived from existing contracts expiring or completing, new aims and objectives setting and the business aims and objectives review. Business Case: after the identification of the need, then the business must be prepared. Hence, when pursuing procurement that is sustainable, it is vital to include all stakeholders in the business case development (Evans Jones, 2008). Market Analysis: it is significant to assess what sustainable products, services or works are available. In many cases, these alternatives are not easily identifiable. The market analysis process gives staff more information and knowledge with regard to how the market could potentially meet the organisations needs, the available alternatives and the price that the firm will be expected to pay (Evans Jones, 2008). Risk Assessment: there are always ethical and environmental risks related to the procurement of suppliers, works, and services. The company is called upon to think about these risks prior to any procurement taking place. Aggregation: contract aggregation must be done by staff. Not only is this good for the procurement process but also is in line with procurement regulations. Aggregation provides the firm with commercial leverage together with terms for accomplishing sustainability (Need, 2006). Preparing contracts to ensure sustainability and strategic outcomes Preparing contracts is a vital phase in sustainable procurement. The specification for sustainability is placed on where the most impact can be achieved in relation to sustainable procurement. For instance, procurement staff members can specify the type of products they need to purchase such low carbon emission for a vehicle or purchasing recycled papers. It is significantly important that when preparing procurement contracts to incorporate specific sustainability to ascertain sustainable contribution. The following are the key steps that must be adhered to when preparing sustainable procurement contracts (Kenvward, et al., 2011). The specifications: defining the companys procurement requirements while at the same time asking suppliers to how they will meet the organisations requirements. Purchasing specific materials: the organisation can also insist that any products procured are made from specific materials. When preparing the contract thus, a range of materials can be specified that the company prefer using or specify that none of the procured materials are harmful to the public health as well as the environment (Kenvward, et al., 2011). Production methods: In a similar way, the organisation can specify the production methods or process use in the contract as long as they are contract relevant. For example, requirements that are not directly associated to the producer/manufacturer and do not add to its characteristics cannot be use, such as asking suppliers to use recycled paper in their offices. However, the organisation can specify for characteristics such as green electricity, sustainable timber, and food grown locally or organically (Kenvward, et al., 2011). Setting the Evaluation criteria: during procurement contract preparation it is vitally important to set the evaluation criteria. The tender can either be evaluated by the lowest price or by most economical advantageous tender (MEAT). However, in order to achieve sustainable procurement, tenders must and should be evaluated using the MEAT criterion (Dunleavy, et al., 2006). Method Statement and Case Studies: The organisation has an obligation of asking suppliers to complete a method statement of cases as part of the tender documents. Method statements and case studies help suppliers to demonstrate their deep understanding of sustainability issues in a manner that they would deal with then in a contract. For instance, how the suppliers will be able to address or minimise environmental impact (Dunleavy, et al., 2006). Alternatives or Variants: these are essentially useful way of accomplishing improved environmental performance of a contract because it empowers suppliers to be innovative. It should be understood that suppliers are experts in their own field thus by using alternatives or variants, ideas are generated and put forward that the business organisation may not be aware of or may not have thought about. Using variants and alternative is acceptable in procurement process but only when the contract document defines the minimum requirements (Dunleavy, et al., 2006). Local Labour: suppliers are encouraged to use local labour within their procurement process; nonetheless, it would discriminatory and non-transparent if the business organisation insists on the use of local workforce (Dunleavy, et al., 2006). Buying ethically: this is the process of buying goods produced ethically from companies that fairly trade in the marketplace; an attribute that must be considered at the contract preparation stage. This practice gives users various choices while eliminating discrimination against suppliers. Designing the contract administration and management regime Also referred to as letting the contract and involves the following elements: Advertising: contracts adverts are issued through electronic means or in print media. Electronic means is mainly advocated because not only does it save on paper, but also minimises the timescale (Osborne, 2010). Pre-Qualifying: after returning all the pre-qualification questionnaires have been returned, the business organisation can begin their evaluation. There are various ways of evaluating suppliers based on their sustainability, including, past experience, technical capability, environmental technical competence, and educational and professional qualification (Osborne, 2010). Evaluation of the tender: there are specific rules that must be observed when evaluating the tender. It is highly recommended not to duplicate the assessment criteria used at pre-qualification phase but rather MEAT and lower prices should used to assess bids. Sustainability tender evaluation can be achieved when: MEAT is the evaluation criteria It is directly linked to the contracts subject matter The environmental award criteria A non-discriminative criterion (Osborne, 2010) Whole life cost: the tender can also be evaluated through whole life costs; an essential way for securing sustainability. The cost incurred by the organisation mainly from production to disposal and they may include: Costs for running the project Efficiency Effectiveness costs Direct running costs Spending to save Product maintenance Disposal and recycling (Christensen Laegreid, 2010) Local Buying: through tender evaluation, it is important not to consider whether or not a product or the supplier is from within the locality. Awarding the Contract: when the contract has been awarded, it is important to provide suppliers with feedback on their tenders, not only is a good procurement practice, but also acceptable by law. With respect to sustainability, it is a useful tool in creating suppliers understanding of the organisations needs (Christensen Laegreid, 2010). Monitoring terms, governance, audit and reporting on the project, the tender and its outcomes Meeting sustainability through procurement does not come to an end after awarding the contract. However, it is highly recommended for the organisation to work closely with suppliers in order to achieve the companys objectives for sustainability. By incorporating a development plan into the tender is critical for encouraging suppliers to be innovative, providing solutions to social and environmental problems that can then be translated into future procurements. Suppliers are always keen to enhance their sustainability, and when the organisation is a big customer that provides security together with renewable, high value together with long duration contracts. Contract review or monitoring is done when the contract has been finished in good practice to share all or any successes and failures through the Organisation sector which may include sustainable issues (Bertelli Smith, 2010). Conclusion Private companies as well as public institutions are increasingly focusing on sustainability in order to increase their competitiveness in the marketplace. In accordance with this, they are streamlining all their business operations to conform to environmental sustainability. In this regard, they are turning to sustainable procurement. Given this understanding, this report has significantly explored different aspects of sustainable procurement, including how to present a business case to decision makers, different sustainable procurement strategies, designing specifications and documents to improve the tender, sustainable contract preparation, contract administration and management regime that ensures sustainability, and monitoring, governance, audit and reporting on the project. The report has exhaustively discussed sustainable procurement. Bibliography Adetunji, I., Price, A., Fleming, P. and Kemp, P., 2003, December. Sustainability and the UK construction industrya review. In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability (Vol. 156, No. 4, pp. 185-199). Thomas Telford Ltd. Bertelli, A.M. and Smith, C.R., 2010. Relational contracting and network management. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 20(suppl 1), pp.i21-i40. Carroll, A.B. and Buchholtz, A.K., 2014. Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Christensen, T. and Lgreid, P. eds., 2011. The Ashgate research companion to new public management. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Dunleavy, P., Margetts, H., Bastow, S. and Tinkler, J., 2006. New public management is deadlong live digital-era governance. Journal of public administration research and theory, 16(3), pp.467-494. Epstein, M.J. and Buhovac, A.R., 2014. Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Epstein, M.J. and Roy, M.J., 2003. Making the business case for sustainability. Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 9(1), pp.79-96. Evans, J. and Jones, P., 2008. Rethinking sustainable urban regeneration: ambiguity, creativity, and the shared territory. Environment and Planning A, 40(6), pp.1416-1434. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015. Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. 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Sourani, A., 2011. Barriers to addressing sustainable construction in public procurement strategies. Stevenson, W.J. and Sum, C.C., 2002. Operations management (Vol. 8). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Wu, Z. and Pagell, M., 2011. Balancing priorities: Decision-making in sustainable supply chain management. Journal of Operations Management, 29(6), pp.577-590. Brammer, S. and Walker, H., 2011. Sustainable procurement in the public sector: an international comparative study. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 31(4), pp.452-476. Force, S.P.T., 2006. Procuring the Future: Sustainable Procurement National Action Plan-Recommendations from the Sustainable Procurement Task Force. Ghoshal, B., 2011. Indonesia in Indias Look East Policy. Report of Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies (India), p.22. Goel, S., 2016. Financial Management Practices in India. Routledge. (Goel, 2016) Gurumurthy, A., Soni, G., Prakash, S. and Badhotiya, G.K., 2013. 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Jealousy lead to tragedy Essay Example

Jealousy lead to tragedy Paper A view from the bridge Arthur Miller  How does Eddies jealousy lead to tragedy?  A view from the bridge is a play that identifies the work and lives of the communities of dockworkers and longshoremen of New Yorks Brooklyn Harbor.  The author Arthur Miller has written his play focusing on the Carbone family.  Eddie Carbone is an Italian longshoreman working on the New York docks. When his wifes cousins, Marco and Rodolpho, seek refuge as illegal immigrants from Sicily, Eddie agrees to shelter them. Trouble begins when his wifes niece Catherine shows attraction towards the younger brother Rodolpho. Eddies inability to let go of Catherine, his frailty leads him to betray Rodolpho and Marco and this tragic error of judgment leads him to his death.  From the first scene Eddies frailty is shown in his obsessive need to control his niece Catherine, and his theme of appearance versus reality is more complicated because Eddie will not admit that there is a problem. To prevent other characters from knowing his motives, he hides behind what mite seem to be good reasons for his behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Jealousy lead to tragedy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jealousy lead to tragedy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jealousy lead to tragedy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Katie, I promised your mother on her deathbed. Im responsible for you  Here you see Eddies hiding his protectiveness behind his responsibilities for Catherine and as the play progresses, we realize that deep down he wishes to keep Catherine for himself.  Eddies jealousy is dealt effectively throughout the play.  We can see from Eddies actions and the way he talks to Catherine that he has some sort of secret desire for her.  Catherine: Hi Eddie! (Eddie is pleased and therefore shy about it)  Instantly in the opening lines of the book you see Eddies true feelings for Catherine. Eddie is a grown man and has been a father figure to Catherine for many years therefore shouldnt be feeling shy when she says hi he is acting as a young man with a crush on Catherine would. Instantly his love is shown but in a very subtle, clever way. Catherine comes across flirtatious towards Eddie and he feels flattered that a young, attractive woman shows interest in him.  (Catherine enters from the bedroom with a cigar and a pack of matches)  Here! Ill light that for you! (She strikes a match and holds it to his cigar)  Catherine fusses over Eddie in a flirtatious way giving the wrong impression to Eddie.  His protectiveness over Catherine Is developed throughout the play and further on turns into jealousy.  In the first scene Eddie comes across as being protective over her as any father would be but in this case Eddie is not the father. He begins by telling Catherine that a new skirt that shes bought it too short, then tells her that shes walking wavy and he doesnt like the looks shes receiving off men he says Heads are turnin like windmills  Then follows on to tell her that he doesnt like the way she waves to men through the window. Immediately in the book you see that Eddie is a very dominant man. He sees the fact that other men are becoming interested in her and dislikes the fact she is becoming interested in them.  Catherine do me a favour, will you? Your getting to be a big girl now, you just gotta keep yourself more, you cant be so friendly kid  He begins to see that Catherine is growing up and turning into a woman. Eddie wants to protect her from growing up and is shading her from the world. But here he knows that Catherine would do anything to please him, so he asks her to do him a favor but he doesnt wait for an answer he quickly changes the subject. When both Marco and Rodolpho arrive you can instantly see Catherines interest in Rodolpho. She starts asking questions about why he hasnt married.. Eddies aware of Catherine and Rodolphos attraction towards each other and stops it before it goes further by insulting Catherine and embarrassing her in front of the visitors. Eddie uses Rodolfoà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s illegal status against him and exercises his authority over him. He makes Rodolfo stop singing under the pretence that the singing is drawing attention to him and he may get discovered and picked up, to mask his feelings of jealousy and dislike towards him. (Eddie has risen, with iron control, even a smile. He moves to Catherine)  Whats the high heels for,Garbo  Eddies jealousy is growing. Catherine is showing more attention to other people than Eddie so instantly we can see that he resorts to embarrassing her in front of Rodolpho and Marco.  Eddies hatred for Rodolfo grows and he is acting on his emotions when he tells Catherine, after they have come back from the cinema that Rodolfo is only using her to get his papers so he can stay in America. Katie, hes only bowinà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to his passport  The explosion of jealousy comes when Eddie comes home drunk and finds Catherine and Rodolfo alone after having been in the bedroom together. He is so desperate; he is acting on his emotions and not thinking rationally and tells Rodolpho to leave, so Catherine agrees to go with him and Eddie tells her she isnt leaving.  Catherine: Eddie, im not gonna be a baby any more! You-  (He reaches out suddenly, draws her to him and as she strives to free herself he kisses her on the mouth) Eddie kisses Catherine to show Rodopho that Catherine is his and no one is to touch her and grips Rodolpho and also kisses him to show try and show Catherine that he isnt normaland this to Eddie was the last straw.  Eddie approaches Alfieri for help but he is unable to do anything about the marriage because she is her own person to do as she wishes.  Give me the number of the immigration bureau. Thanks. (he dials) I want to report something. Illegal immigrants. Two of them. Thats right. Four-forty-one saxon street, Brooklyn